Plastics engineering intelligence · Since 1984

Every plastic-part failure has happened before. We kept the record.

For 41 years ETS has been called in when parts warped, cracked, crept or failed in court. That record, from the author of Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly, now reaches your engineers four ways: in the seminar room, in a senior-engineer review, in cited AI answers, and in the software they design with. The industry’s memory, on your next part, before steel is cut.

41+Years
19,800+Engineers trained
500+OEM/Tier-1 clients
$186M+Case settlements

Clients we support

41 years · 500+ OEM and Tier-1 client organizations · 19,800+ engineers trained

Attendee comments

In their words · seminar attendees

He is an excellent speaker and it was a privilege to get exposure from a master in the industry. Cassandra Cape - Interior Injection Molding Supplier Quality - BMW Manufacturing Company Overall the presentation and the exercises were very good. Balakrishnan Kuppusamy - CAE Engineer - Sogefi Group The "Automotive Plastic Part Design" seminar was the most engaging seminar I had until now. Sagar Shinde - Product Development Engineer - Schaeffler Group USA Excellent speaker! Kiran Bodapati - Engineer - Hitachi Automotve Systems America Enjoyed the course and learned a lot. Great speaker. Jessica Kuzinski - Product Design Engineer - Flex-N-Gate Excellent class. Excellent instructor. I wish I had him on speed dial while designing. Casey McKellar - Product Development Engineer - Disher Design & Development Really enjoyed the content. Very informative. The historical cases/real investigations really sold the importance of topics. Garrett Vanderhoof - Project Engineer - dlhBowles All the historical stories were very interesting + good real-life examples. Matthew Strieber - Engineering Manager Advanced Development - TI Fluid Systems The training filled in a lot of gaps my experiential knowledge. I appreciated how Paul went into more detail than "I recommend this or that". I feel like he did a great job at explaining the why. Anthony Immormino - Application Development Engineer - Covestro I loved the use of examples and exercises. I learn best through problem solving and this really help me retain the material! Miranda Simpson - Engineer - Hyundai America Technical Center Inc. Instructor's knowledge was impressive and practical that helped explain complex issues simply and throughly Michael Felsburg - Business Development Manager - SABIC Specialty Business Unit Paul did an excellent job providing real life case studies. Peter Cureton - Key Account Manager - Radici Plastics USA Mr. Tres is very impresive, very knowledgeable. Matthew Artrip - Senior Designer - Stanley Black & Decker Good seminar! Joseph Balanda - Design Engineer - Hyundai America Technical Center Inc. Overall one of the best courses for automotive plastics I've attended in 20 years Stephen T. Green - Principal Engineer - Consolidated Metco Very informed. Could answer any question. Colin Strate - Product Engineer - Flex-N-Gate Corporation I do like it very much, because I am Electronic Engineer and I work as Project Manager, so for me this seminar was very interesting to improve my knowledge. Alex Cortes Cabello - BV Operations Launch Manager - Continental Automotive Systems Excellent all around. Nothing but good things to say. Great real world examples + videos + parts brought in!. Michael Salt - Development Engineer - Mahle Behr USA Overall really good content and practical examples + demonstrations. Would recommend for all professional engineering fields for plastic design. James Patton - Head of Development Americas - Draexlmaier Automotive of America I liked the group discussions. Paul did a very good job. Kalea Ralls - Specialist - BMW Manufacturing Company Very technical good information to use in plastic part design. Chris Woodthorp - Senior Product Development Engineer - ADAC Automotive Real case studies are great. Adam Gofton - Product Engineer - Yanfeng Automotive Interiors The book and binder are awesome. Simon Anderson - Design Intern - Kostal of America Paul was great. Seriously, I'd take him over many of my college instructors. Jacob Preston - Senior Mechanical Engineer - Stanley Black & Decker All topics are relevant. Liked the case studies. Donald Hoffmann - Design Manager - Brose North America Overall a very intensive topic. Really enjoyed the case studies. Dean Wolfe Jr. - Design Manager - Inalfa Roof Systems Very helpful in troubleshooting problems with current suppliers. Paul very knowledgeable - would highly recommend him. Sean Rountree - Parts Quality Engineer - Mercedes-Benz US International Best course at Daimler Trucks North America, very detailed, yet very practical. Michael Health - Senior Engineer - Daimler Trucks North America I liked the vast array of topics covered, very diverse and helpful. Michael Rice - Product Development Engineer - Hella Electronics Injection molding and snap-fits were most helpful for what I do day to day, as well as supplier visits, to understand processing defects. Antonio M. Johns III - Parts Quality Engineer - Mercedes-Benz US International Knowledgeable speaker, lots of history and facts. Good humored. Steve Griffiths - Design Engineer - Daimler Trucks North America Very well organized. Very informative class, one of the best I have attended. Bert Powell - Project Manager - TE Connectivity - Telecom Networks I thought it was put together nicely with group interactions, video, PPT, and examples with hands on samples. Ben Hooks - Project Engineer - Seats Inc. All material was relevant to applications utilizing plastic design details provided on snap fits and additional resources will come in good use. Andy Hengstebeck - Project Engineer - Shaw Development Paul knows the material well. James Solo - Designer - Brose North America Overall, I thought the program was very informative and easily understood. Steve Inniger - Development Engineer - Voss Automotive Very good material and instructor. Kyle Anthony - Engineer - Keihin North America R & D Technical Department Great class. Great Material! Jason Clifford - Senior Mechanical Engineer - Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies Class was well paced + very informative subjects Nicholas Tresnak - Design Engineer - Leopold Kostal GmbH & Co. KG The best training course I ever had, gave me a lot of confidence to deal with plastics. Mohamed El-Hofy - PhD Research Student - University of Birmingham, UK Having parts on hand for example is best for engineers. Also examples of case studies were very meaningful. Very good seminar. I learned many useful things to take back to my job. I will never look at plastic parts the same way. . John Lipp - Interior Cab Design Engineer - Bobcat Company Very intensive learning experience. Presenter did very well in making the content interesting. Robert Viscosi - Lead Mechanical Engineer - Maximatecc Kind of dense for 3 days, but we covered a lot of areas in detail. Joszef Kovacsh - Engineer - Yazaki North America Excellent! Great recap from previous days content. James Embach - Senior Product Engineer - Flextronics I really enjoyed the beginning of the class when we talked about the future of the industry.. David Woodlock - Mechanical Design Engineer - Hewlett Packard Printing Solutions I really liked the use of case histories! David Peterson - Design Engineer - Mahle Powertrain I liked the broad coverage of material. Gave me a good idea of what I would like to expand on. Kevin Gluski - Design Engineer - Toyota Boshoku America Handouts were big help. Being able to take notes was perfect. Tony Flanigan - Seat Engineer - Lear Corporation Excellent - Paul kept on schedule and finished course content. David A. Okonski - Staff Research Engineer - GM Research & Development Center Paul is a very knowledgeable speaker and kept the subject interesting. Shea Szabo - Senior Project Engineer - Kostal North America Speaker did an excellent job of clearly explaining a large amount of detailed information in a short time. Timothy Stevens - Purchasing Compliance Engineer - Seats Inc. Good blend of application/practice/analysis. Aleko Sotiriades - Senior Mechanical Staff Engineer - Kohler Engines Speaker Paul Tres was very entertaining and kept my interest. Felt I was getting my money's worth. Well done. Joshua Hopersberger - Industrial Designer - Yazaki North America This was one of the best courses I have ever taken because it relates to directly what I do. I now have more confidence with my designs! Erik Oberg - Engineer - Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing Speaker was exceptionally knowledgeable in this field! I found the class exercises useful - I would like to have had the time for additional ones. Benjamin Demicco - Mechanical Engineer - Bose Corporation It was great! Brenda Sofia Huerta Garcia - Manager Decorative Plastics NAFTA - Continental Automotive Guadalajara Mexico Great seminar. Covered everything I needed to know about plastics. Jeremy White - Senior Design Engineer - Club Car LLC The seminar gave me information I can easily implement in future designs. This seminar has something for entry-level and experienced designers. Michael Bohnsack - Design Engineer - Polaris Industries Instructor is very knowledgeable, but I would prefer a slower pace and a narrower scope of materials. Neil Jauquet - Senior Project Engineer - Oshkosh Defense Never a dull moment. One of the best classes I have attended! The real life stories and hands on samples were great! Jennifer Aittama - Senior Mechanical Engineer - Clarion Corporation of America Liked the recommendations and expert tips. Raul E. Ortega - Design Manager - Kostal Mexicana SA de CV Lots of supporting resources given - GREAT! Very well paced ... Robert Miller - Project Engineer - Inteva Products Paul was very knowledgeable on subject matter and has extensive working knowledge in the automotive applications. Very good class and highly recommended. Kevin Schneider - Project Engineer - FTE Automotive Well done, very informative! Donald J. Harris - Lead Design Engineer - General Motors - PT Mounts I liked actual cases Paul brought up! Koki Iwazaki - Senior Engineering Manager - Sony Electronics, Automotive Vision Technology Instructor was excellent - information on snap-fit and living hinge design was the most useful and concise I have seen - it will enable me to consider these options more in the future. Scott Willard - Senior Development Engineer - Lear Corporation Case histories - Excellent! Palmo D'Ippolito - Engineering Manager - Henniges Automotive Schlegel Canada Paul is very knowledgeable person with a huge experience package. Voytek Marcola - Senior Designer - Federal-Mogul Corporation Very good speaker. Abby Liubakka - Design Engineer - Tennant Company Well done! Ron Lang - Senior Program Manager - National Center for Manufacturing Sciences Very thorough course to help bring inexperienced designers up to speed in short amount of time ... Grant Loberg - Design Engineer - Professional Tool Manufacturing I love the case studies - what was good versus what was wrong with actual parts. Gordy Schmidt - Project Designer - Toro Company Very good class! Hasan Yasin - R & D Team Leader - RecepTec LLC, a division of Laird Technology A good overview. All bases were covered in the class. Scott Robertson - Sales Engineer - Luxi Lighting All the case studies were very relevant. John Jacob - IT Analyst - Tata Consultancy Services, a division of Tata Group Very good, and still managed to stop to answer many questions. We will send all our new designers to your class. Daryn Bertelson - Mechanical Design Engineer - Johnson Outdoors, Marine Electronics Excellent verbal presentation methods: a) to explain the concepts from the first principles quickly yet thoroughly, b) backed up with in-depth esoteric knowledge & application methods! Franco Acacia - Design Engineer - Magna Advanced Technologies In a world where young engineers lack mentors & proper guidance to advance their knowledge - Paul provides a great stepping stone for all budding design engineers in 3 days. William Shane Walts - Product Engineer Air Purifying Products - Tyco Scott Health and Safety Excellent class for the introduction of "engineering" into plastic part design rather than black magic & experience. Dan Dovel - Product Development Engineer - Professional Tool Manufacturing Great job! Fumiaki Tago - Mechanical Engineer - Panasonic Automotive Systems Company of America Dependent upon level of individual participating in seminar some of the topics covered were very in depth and a novice could benefit greatly. Marvin Carroll - Program Manager - Meridian Automotive Systems It was paced well. However due to the extensive material coverage we sometimes had to move fast on certain calculations. I would have liked to see more detail in dimensional choices. Kerem Munir - Project Engineer - Behr America Inc. ...this seminar covered in depth information on the design process that far exceeded my expectations. Matthew Miles - Engineer - The Raymond Corporation The content is very good and illustrations are impressive. Mohan Raja Dasu - Product Development Engineer - IntroTech, Inc. The class is loaded with useful info. I don't want to miss one thing. Stefan Betz - Development Engineer - Mercedes-Benz U.S. International Paul Tres is a great instructor who uses stories, examples, and real life situations to leave a lasting impression on the student concerning different aspects of plastic part design. David Perry - Senior Product Engineer - Autoliv This course is an excellent introduction to plastic design and also contains much for those who already have plastic design experience. Robert E. Wattleworth - Engineering Supervisor - Visteon Automotive Systems This is likely the most informative class I've ever taken. Jeffrey Lubbers - Development Engineer - Mercedes-Benz U.S. International Mr. Tres was careful to cover info in such a way as to be useful to people with a variety of disciplines. Norman B. Horton - Design Engineer - Faraday, Inc. Examples of redesigns were great! They are very practical. In general the course was very informative. Thanks! Kare Koehler - Product Development Director - K1 Very knowledgeable on subject, kept class going. Info learned will be directly applicable to job. A lot of info to cover in two days. Brian Boyer - Application Development - Summit Polymers Instructor is very knowledgeable and has valuable experience which he shared well. Brian Vaughn - R & D Engineer - First Inertia Switch Enjoyed problem solving exercises, locations on internet was good, so were software programs. Tim Matthews - Design Engineer - Johnson Controls, Inc. I will be able to bring sounder preliminary designs to my design engineers. I will be able to do more of the designing myself and be more effective working with designers. Ken Cenicola - Applications Engineer - Teleflex Automotive Gives me the knowledge to work with others and understand the technical discussions. James Haling - Supervisor - Ford Motor It has opened my eyes in multiple categories and those will assist me in my daily activities. Ken Tomerlin - Senior Designer - Eaton Automotive Controls Division The course books and materials will make excellent reference material at my company. Michael Borus - Product Engineer - Tennex Industries, Inc. Impressed with instructor and his ability to give good, internationally examples of course topics. Philip Heienreich - Mechanical Engineer - Naval Air Warfare Center Interesting speaker. Very knowledgeable. Peter Boucher - Manufacturing Development Engineer - Hewlett-Packard I thought the balance of instruction was very good. James P. Wille - Senior Design Engineer - Landis & Staefa The course strength is based on the knowledge of the instructor. Jeff Antonucci - Engineering Manager - Southco Manufacturing Presentation of complex ideas in a simple and easy to understand way. Paul is very good (and humorous) presenter. He made the topics more interesting than they otherwise might have been. David B. Robinson - Senior Designer - Scimed Life Systems The instructor was clear in his presentation, answered the questions in great, clear detail. Robert Burtis - Senior Lead Designer - Valeo Mr. Tres is very experienced, knowledgeable and an excellent speaker - a rare combination. Scott Jarman - Senior Manufacturing Engineer - Raychem This was well organized and presented - Excellent! Greg Perez - Manufacturing Engineer - Ford Motor Mr. Tres is a very effective instructor and I would highly recommend this course to others in the mechanical engineering field. Michael A. Kurk - Mechanical Design Engineer - Naval Air Warfare Center Great application course - clear explanations. Dr. Dennis Ferguson - Molding Specialist - 3M Company Very informative and useful. Step by step design algorithm will be quite useful in day to day design work. Mahyar Esmaili - Mechanical Engineer - Interbold The information presented will change the way I design press/snap-fits. My overall feeling about the class is very useful not only for me but others as well. Richard Horstman - Designer - Proctor & Gamble What a value to be with such an expert! Michael Blicher - CGM Director - Magna International All you need to know about PP in one day. Michael Jackson - Development Engineer - Johnson Controls, Inc. Although quite a bit of information was packed into two days the class was invaluable! Gregory Dvorchak - Product Engineering Manager - Motion Control Industries I really thought the content and instructor were top notch. Christopher Bezzina - Project Engineer - KIP, Inc. Speaker was very knowledgeable and kept interest of audience. Wendi Feldstein - Engineering Service Manager - Crestron Electronics Very pleased - we gained valuable information. Rick Tamburrino - Engineering Manager - Welch Allyn Inc. Excellent overall view of all areas in plastic part design. Tony Osgood - Project Manager - Ovonic Battery Overall the seminar was excellent. Probably, one of the best I have attended as a professional. Daniel C. LaMendola - Senior Mechanical Engineer - NEC America, Inc. Fascinating case histories effectively illustrated common design pitfalls. Paul's solutions will enable us to control process problems long before we release a part for tooling. Kenneth Weber - Design Engineer - AFL Automotive This course provides me with insight to the myriad of choices to plastics designs and manufacturing. Richard J. Stoyka - Release Engineer - Chrysler Corporation Very good class. I liked the examples & talking about subjects that relate directly to my career. Peter Merckx - Product Designer - Visteon Automotive Systems Good overview presentation, well organized presentation materials. Good instruction experience; appeared to have been involved in design of many of these types. Thomas A. Dailey - Sales Engineer - W.L. Gore & Associates, Industrial Products Division

The failure ledger · 41 years of production data

Why Your CAD Lies to You

Walls look fine in CAD — and warp in the mold. Draft looks adequate — and the part galls on ejection. Every line below is a mistake someone already paid for. This is what each one costs once steel is cut.

STEEL CUT CONCEPTREVIEWPROTOTYPETOOLINGLAUNCH COST TO FIX
  • In design review: the fix is a CAD edit.
  • After steel is cut: $10K–$75K per issue in the ledger below.
Illustrative curve of the cost to fix a design issue as a program matures. The dollar ranges are the ledger’s typical post-tooling rework figures.
  1. 01

    Wall thickness

    Warp, voids, major tool rework or re-cut

    $25K–$75K
    Caught in review
  2. 02

    Undercut design

    Added slides or lifters after steel is cut

    $20K–$60K
    Caught in review
  3. 03

    Draft angle

    Ejection drag, galling, surface defects

    $15K–$50K
    Caught in review
  4. 04

    Rib & boss proportions

    Sink marks, structural failure

    $15K–$40K
    Caught in review
  5. 05

    Gate location

    Flow marks and weld lines in the wrong place

    $10K–$30K
    Caught in review
If all five slip past tooling $85K–$255K Typical rework after tooling. A pre-tooling review catches every one before the first chip is cut.
Get a Fixed-Price Review →

ChatETS · The engineering answer engine

Ask the question that is blocking your design. Get the answer — and the source.

Generic chatbots have opinions. ChatETS has 41 years of documented production outcomes behind it — grounded in the ETS corpus and in your specs, with the source for every claim. The calculators engineers actually use are built in: snap-fit, creep, fatigue, living hinge, DFM checks.

  • Cited, not confident. Every answer shows where it came from.
  • Tools inside the chat. Run the calculation, don’t just read about it.
  • Your data stays yours. Per-organization isolation; private deployment available.

Free to start. No credit card.

chat.ets-corp.com
What draft should I use on a threaded ABS boss, and how thick at the root?
For a threaded ABS boss, use 0.5°–1° draft per side and keep the root at 1.0–1.5× the nominal wall. Go thicker and you trade a stronger boss for sink on the show surface.
Source ETS design corpus · boss & rib proportions

The instruments · live

Three instruments from the suite. Run them on your own numbers.

Small, honest versions of what runs inside ChatETS and ETS Build: textbook equations and molding guidelines, live in your browser. Nothing you enter leaves this page.

Universal Applied Physics · the engine

A snap-fit arm is a cantilever. Check it before the steel is cut.

Change the length, thickness, width, load or resin. Deflection, stress, strain and stiffness update from the closed-form cantilever equations. The physics engine carries this kind of checkable calculation across 164+ modules in 24+ engineering domains, and routes a plain-language question to the right one.

Explore the physics engine →
Cantilever snap-fit arm · point load at the tipLive
P
Tip deflection
2.17 mm
Root stress
37.5 MPa
Surface strain
1.63 %
Stiffness
4.60 N/mm

Small-deflection beam theory: δ = PL³/3EI and σ = 6PL/bt². Snap-fits are designed on strain, so compare it with the permissible strain for your grade. These are typical values; your datasheet and service temperature govern.

ETS Build · early access

Four proportions that decide whether a rib molds cleanly.

Wall, rib thickness, rib height and draft are the lines the failure ledger keeps returning to. ETS Build applies DFM/DFA rules for seven processes, with an 18-defect troubleshooting matrix, to the whole part. This is four of those rules on one feature.

Explore ETS Build →
Molding guidelines · one rib on one wallLive
  • WallInside the common 1–4 mm window
  • Rib thicknessHeavy rib: sink risk on the show surface
  • Rib heightWithin about 3× the wall
  • DraftUnder 0.5°: ejection drag, scuffing and galling

General guidelines for unfilled thermoplastics. The resin, the process and the feature all move these limits. Making that call is what a design review is for.

ChatETS · available now

Twelve resin families. Each one fails in its own way.

Pick a family for the short version. ChatETS gives the long one, with the source attached to every claim, and it can work from your own datasheets and test reports.

Ask ChatETS free →
Materials board · twelve familiesSelect one

Polyamide 66

ClassSemi-crystalline

Used forUnderhood brackets, connectors, gears

Watch forAbsorbs moisture: stiffness drops and dimensions grow once conditioned, so design to conditioned values

General behavior of each family. Grades within a family differ widely, and ChatETS answers against the grade you name.

The people behind the products

Someone already paid for the mistake you’re about to make. We remember how it ended.

Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly, 10th edition, book cover
Designing Plastic Parts for AssemblyPaul A. Tres, SPE Fellow. First edition 1994; 10th edition from Carl Hanser. Forewords →
  1. 1984The practiceBuilt on the production floor.
  2. 1994The bookNow in its 10th edition.
  3. 1997The courtroomOver $186M in settlements.
  4. 19,800+The roomEngineers at 500+ organizations.
  5. 2026The platformThe memory, programmable.

Where to start

The failures have already been paid for. Stop paying for them again.

Pick the path that matches your risk today. The rest is there when you need it.

  • NDA on request — signed before we look at anything you send.
  • Your data stays yours — per-organization isolation; private deployment available.
  • One business day — a senior engineer replies, not a sales sequence.
  • No bait-and-switch — scope, timeline and quote before work begins.